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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing

A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing

Published on: April 21, 2022

A-to-I RNA editing - immune protector and transcriptome diversifier.

Eli Eisenberg¹, Erez Y Levanon²

¹Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. elieis@post.tau.ac.il.

Nature Reviews. Genetics

|April 26, 2018

Summary

RNA editing, particularly A-to-I editing by ADAR enzymes, alters RNA sequences and impacts genome evolution. This process affects both protein-coding and non-coding regions, with implications for disease and RNA engineering.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genomics
Evolutionary Biology

Background:

RNA modifications influence RNA function and stability.
RNA editing uniquely alters RNA sequence relative to the genome.
Adenosine-to-Inosine (A-to-I) editing by ADAR enzymes is the most common form of RNA editing.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the functional and evolutionary significance of A-to-I RNA editing.
To map the 'editome' across the animal kingdom.
To understand the role of RNA editing in genome evolution and disease.

Main Methods:

Transcriptomic studies to identify recoding sites.
Systematic mapping of A-to-I editing sites across the animal kingdom.
Analysis of conservation, selection, and functional implications of editing events.

Main Results:

Identified 'recoding' A-to-I editing sites causing non-synonymous protein substitutions, often conserved within lineages and under positive selection.
Discovered that most A-to-I editing sites occur in non-coding regions, particularly within mobile elements.
Proposed a critical role for non-coding site editing in preventing innate immune activation by self-transcripts.

Conclusions:

A-to-I RNA editing has profound implications for genome evolution, influencing both coding and non-coding sequences.
Dysregulation of RNA editing can lead to disease.
ADAR enzymes are being repurposed for RNA engineering applications.