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Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blotting is an analytical technique for protein identification. It has various applications in immunology and medicine, including detecting diseases like bovine spongiform encephalopathy, mad cow disease, and human and feline immunodeficiency virus from biological samples.
The technique begins with separating proteins from the sample using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), followed by protein transfer, immunoblotting, and finally, protein detection.

Capillary Beds

Capillary Beds

Capillary beds are networks of tiny blood vessels that play a crucial role in the circulatory system. These beds are where the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products occurs between the blood and surrounding tissues. Each capillary bed consists of numerous capillaries, which are the smallest blood vessels in the body, typically only one cell-thick. This thinness allows for the efficient diffusion of substances.
Capillaries connect arterioles, small branches of arteries, to venules,...

Capillary Exchange

Capillary Exchange

The cardiovascular system's chief role is to disseminate gases, nutrients, waste, and other substances to the body's cells. Small molecules like gases, lipids, and lipid-soluble substances directly diffuse through capillary wall endothelial cell membranes. Glucose, amino acids, and ions, including sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride, use transporters for facilitated diffusion via membrane-specific channels. Glucose, ions, and bigger molecules may also pass through intercellular...

Southern Blot

Southern Blot

Agarose gel electrophoresis is very useful in separating DNA fragments by size. Running a DNA ladder containing fragments of the known length alongside the sample helps determine the approximate length of the sample DNA fragments. However, additional steps are needed to verify the sequence identity of the sample DNA fragments.
Denatured DNA fragments must be transferred onto a carrier membrane from the gel to make it accessible to a probe - a small ssDNA fragment complementary to the target DNA...

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...

Capillaries and Their Types

Capillaries and Their Types

Capillaries, a crucial constituent of the circulatory system, are diminutive vessels with a diameter between 5–10 micrometers, accommodating perfusion to the tissues through the phenomenon known as microcirculation. Through their permeable walls, consisting of an endothelial layer ensconced by a basement membrane and sporadically dispersed smooth muscle fibers, the exchange of substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid becomes plausible. Variance in wall composition exists,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Ultra-High-Speed Western Blot using Immunoreaction Enhancing Technology

Ultra-High-Speed Western Blot using Immunoreaction Enhancing Technology

Published on: September 26, 2020

Human adipose tissue protein analyses using capillary western blot technology.

Jin Lu^1,2, Carolyn C Allred², Michael D Jensen³

¹Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.

Nutrition & Diabetes

|April 27, 2018

Summary

Capillary western (Wes®) blotting reliably analyzes human adipose tissue proteins, correlating well with traditional western blots. This method requires less sample and time, offering high sensitivity and reproducibility for protein quantification.

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Robust Comparison of Protein Levels Across Tissues and Throughout Development Using Standardized Quantitative Western Blotting

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Western Blotting: Sample Preparation to Detection

Western Blotting: Sample Preparation to Detection

Published on: October 14, 2010

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Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Ultra-High-Speed Western Blot using Immunoreaction Enhancing Technology

Ultra-High-Speed Western Blot using Immunoreaction Enhancing Technology

Published on: September 26, 2020

Robust Comparison of Protein Levels Across Tissues and Throughout Development Using Standardized Quantitative Western Blotting

Robust Comparison of Protein Levels Across Tissues and Throughout Development Using Standardized Quantitative Western Blotting

Published on: April 9, 2019

Western Blotting: Sample Preparation to Detection

Western Blotting: Sample Preparation to Detection

Published on: October 14, 2010

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Proteomics

Background:

Capillary western (Wes®) technology is validated for cell lysates but its utility for human tissue proteins remains unconfirmed.
Accurate protein quantification in human adipose tissue is crucial for understanding metabolic processes and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the reliability and performance of capillary western (Wes®) blotting for analyzing human adipose tissue proteins.
To compare Wes® technology against traditional western blotting for quantifying specific proteins and their modifications.

Main Methods:

Comparison of traditional western blotting with capillary western (Wes®) blotting for human adipose tissue protein analysis.
Quantification of CD36, phosphorylated Erk1/2 (pErk1/2) to total Erk1/2 ratio, and phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) levels.
Statistical correlation analysis and assessment of dynamic ranges, sensitivity, and reproducibility for both methods.

Main Results:

High correlation (r > 0.90) observed between Wes® and traditional western blotting for CD36, pErk1/2:Erk1/2, and pAkt/Akt.
Wes® demonstrated distinct protein peaks at expected molecular weights and linear dynamic ranges comparable to traditional methods.
Wes® required significantly less sample volume and assay time, while maintaining high sensitivity and reproducibility.

Conclusions:

Capillary western (Wes®) blotting is a reliable and efficient alternative for the quantitative analysis of human adipose tissue proteins.
The Wes® method offers advantages in sample and time efficiency without compromising data quality or reproducibility.