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Defluoridation using novel chemically treated carbonized bone meal: batch and dynamic performance with scale-up

Somak Chatterjee1, Munmun Mukherjee1, Sirshendu De2

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|April 27, 2018
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Summary

A novel bone meal-based adsorbent effectively removes fluoride from water, achieving a high capacity of 150 mg/g. This cost-effective material also demonstrates antibacterial properties and potential for treating contaminated groundwater.

Keywords:
AdsorptionCarbonized bone mealChemical treatmentFixed bedFluorideScale up

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Water Treatment

Background:

  • Fluoride contamination in drinking water poses significant health risks.
  • Development of efficient and cost-effective defluoridation adsorbents is crucial for public health.
  • Bone meal is an abundant and potentially valuable precursor for adsorbent synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel adsorbent from chemically treated carbonized bone meal for fluoride removal.
  • To evaluate the fluoride adsorption capacity, kinetics, and thermodynamics of the developed material.
  • To assess the performance of the adsorbent in dynamic column studies and its applicability to real-world contaminated water.

Main Methods:

  • Bone meal was carbonized and chemically treated with aluminum sulfate and calcium oxide.
  • Adsorption capacity was determined through batch experiments under varying conditions.
  • Material characterization involved infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.
  • Kinetic and thermodynamic studies were performed, and column experiments were conducted using synthetic and real water samples.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized adsorbent demonstrated a maximum fluoride removal capacity of 150 mg/g.
  • Adsorption was found to be exothermic, with capacity decreasing at higher temperatures.
  • Characterization confirmed the presence of aluminum compounds and hydroxylapatite on the adsorbent surface.
  • Column studies showed efficient fluoride removal, treating 340 bed volumes to meet WHO standards.
  • The adsorbent also exhibited antibacterial properties.

Conclusions:

  • Chemically treated carbonized bone meal is a highly effective adsorbent for fluoride removal from water.
  • The adsorbent's performance in both batch and column modes, along with its antibacterial activity, highlights its potential for water purification.
  • This study presents a promising, low-cost solution for addressing fluoride contamination in drinking water sources.