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Related Concept Videos

Power01:08

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The concept of work involves force and displacement; meanwhile, the work-energy theorem relates the net work done on a body to the difference in its kinetic energy, calculated between two points on its trajectory. While none of these quantities or relations involves time explicitly, we know that the time available to accomplish work is often just as important as the amount of work itself. For example, sprinters in a race may have achieved the same velocity at the finish, therefore,...
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In definite integration, Riemann sums approximate the area under a curve by dividing it into subintervals and summing the areas of rectangles. When these approximations follow predictable numerical patterns, such as arithmetic or polynomial sequences, sum formulas offer a more efficient and accurate way to compute the result. In particular, the sum of consecutive integers, squares, and cubes plays an essential role in simplifying these calculations, especially when dealing with uniform...
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Instantaneous power is important in electrical circuits, mainly when dealing with sinusoidal input. Instantaneous power, denoted as p(t), results from the multiplication of the instantaneous voltage (v(t)) across an element and the instantaneous current (i(t)) flowing through it. This relationship adheres to the passive sign convention and represents a fundamental principle in electrical engineering.
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Power engineers have introduced the concept of complex power to determine the cumulative effect of parallel loads. This idea plays a crucial role in power analysis because it encompasses all the details related to the power consumed by a specific load.
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Electric power is the product of current and voltage, represented in units of joules per second, or watts. For example, cars often have one or more auxiliary power outlets with which you can charge a cell phone or other electronic devices. These outlets may be rated at 20 amps and 12 volts, so that the circuit can deliver a maximum power of 240 watts. Consider a 25 Watt bulb and a 60 Watt bulb. The conversion of electrical energy produces heat and light, while the kinetic energy lost by the...
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Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Perfusable Vascular Network with a Tissue Model in a Microfluidic Device
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Powering ex vivo tissue models in microfluidic systems.

Ian C McLean1, Luke A Schwerdtfeger, Stuart A Tobet

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA. stuart.tobet@colostate.edu.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microfluidic strategies are advancing organ-on-chip models using ex vivo tissue. These systems better mimic in vivo physiology, bridging the gap to translational research.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Organ-on-chip models utilize primary tissue (ex vivo) for enhanced physiological relevance compared to traditional cell cultures.
  • Microfluidic technology offers advantages in maintaining the complex cellular and vascular needs of ex vivo tissues.
  • Ex vivo tissue models are crucial for understanding in vivo physiology and advancing translational research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review microfluidic strategies for creating physiologically relevant organ-on-chip models using ex vivo tissues.
  • To define the utility and necessary components for effective ex vivo tissue modeling.
  • To highlight the role of microfluidic systems in advancing organotypic models.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of current microfluidic devices and strategies for ex vivo tissue culture.
  • Review of studies demonstrating the ability of microfluidic systems to maintain tissue viability and function.
  • Examination of how microfluidics supports diverse cellular compositions and in vivo oxygen tensions.

Main Results:

  • Microfluidic systems enable better control over the microenvironment, supporting diverse cell types and mimicking in vivo oxygen levels.
  • These advanced systems can maintain ex vivo tissues for longer durations, aligning with natural cell turnover rates.
  • Emerging ex vivo tissue models show increasing efficacy in mimicking in vivo physiology.

Conclusions:

  • Microfluidic technology is essential for developing advanced organotypic models ex vivo.
  • These models serve as a critical bridge toward translational applications in medicine.
  • Continued development in microfluidic systems will enhance the physiological relevance and utility of ex vivo tissue studies.