Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Variability: Analysis01:11

Variability: Analysis

527
Measures of variability are statistical metrics that reveal the dispersion pattern within a dataset. They are pivotal in biostatistics, providing insights into the heterogeneity within health and biological data. Variability signifies the degree to which data points diverge from one another, helping researchers understand the potential range of values and associated uncertainty within the data.
The range is a simple measure of variability, indicating the difference between the highest and...
527
Random Variables01:09

Random Variables

17.9K
A random variable is a single numerical value that indicates the outcome of a procedure. The concept of random variables is fundamental to the probability theory and was introduced by a Russian mathematician, Pafnuty Chebyshev, in the mid-nineteenth century.
Uppercase letters such as X or Y denote a random variable. Lowercase letters like x or y denote the value of a random variable. If X is a random variable, then X is written in words, and x is given as a number.
For example, let X = the...
17.9K
System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

7.5K
Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
7.5K
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

927
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
927
Graphs of Equations in Two Variables01:30

Graphs of Equations in Two Variables

270
An equation with two variables, typically written in the form y = f(x) or Ax + By = C, describes a relationship between quantities represented by x and y. Each solution to such an equation is an ordered pair (x, y) that satisfies the equation when substituted. These pairs can be represented graphically to understand the variables' relationship visually.A common technique for constructing the graph of a two-variable equation is to create a value table. Begin by choosing several values for the...
270
Variables Affecting Phosphorescence and Fluorescence01:26

Variables Affecting Phosphorescence and Fluorescence

1.5K
Fluorescence and phosphorescence are essential phenomena in fields like analytical chemistry, biological imaging, and materials science, where they detect molecular properties and visualize cellular structures. Understanding the variables that influence these luminescent behaviors is crucial for maximizing accuracy and efficiency in their applications. These variables can broadly be grouped into chemical structure, solvent properties, and external conditions, each playing a distinct role in...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neural-Context Reinstatement of Recurring Events.

Psychological science·2026
Same author

Structural and Functional Connectivity Predict the Effects of Direct Brain Stimulation on Memory.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Specialized recall procedures.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same author

Thermoresponsive Reconfigurable Intelligent Electromagnetic Surfaces Enabled by VO<sub>2</sub> and Wood-Derived Nanocellulose, Suberin, and Biocarbon.

ACS applied bio materials·2026
Same author

Reconstruction of temporal and spatial order information.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same author

A unifying account of replay as context-driven memory reactivation.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Testing the predictions of a distinctiveness model of memory: The production effect in backward recall.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

On the impact of adjacency on transposed-word effects under serial presentation.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

It's time to opt out: Metacognitive analysis of time regulation under uncertainty.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

The role of statistical learning in attentional guidance during search through naturalistic scenes.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

Representing objects and features in long-term memory: A case for direct feature-feature binding.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

Crossmodal correspondences influence adaptation during rule-based category learning of objects.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

The Use of the Puzzle Box as a Means of Assessing the Efficacy of Environmental Enrichment
06:50

The Use of the Puzzle Box as a Means of Assessing the Efficacy of Environmental Enrichment

Published on: December 29, 2014

12.4K

The variability puzzle in human memory.

Michael J Kahana1, Eash V Aggarwal1, Tung D Phan1

  • 1Department of Psychology.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|April 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Memory recall variability stems from internal brain processes, not just external factors. Performance on previous memory tasks significantly predicts current recall success, highlighting endogenous influences on memory function.

More Related Videos

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&#239;ve and Memory T Cells
14:23

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

24.9K
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

17.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

The Use of the Puzzle Box as a Means of Assessing the Efficacy of Environmental Enrichment
06:50

The Use of the Puzzle Box as a Means of Assessing the Efficacy of Environmental Enrichment

Published on: December 29, 2014

12.4K
Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&#239;ve and Memory T Cells
14:23

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

24.9K
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

17.2K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Memory performance shows significant moment-to-moment variability.
  • This variability may be due to experimental factors or internal neural processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the sources of variability in memory recall performance.
  • To determine whether experimental variables or endogenous neural processes are primary drivers of memory variability.

Main Methods:

  • A multisession delayed free-recall task with 552 trials was conducted.
  • A statistical model was applied to analyze recall performance variability.
  • The influence of factors like word memorability and proactive interference was assessed.

Main Results:

  • Experimental variables such as word memorability and proactive interference had modest effects on recall variability.
  • Performance on previous memory lists strongly predicted current list recall.
  • Endogenous factors were found to be the primary drivers of performance variability.

Conclusions:

  • Variability in memory recall is predominantly driven by endogenous neural processes governing encoding and retrieval.
  • External experimental factors play a limited role in explaining moment-to-moment memory performance fluctuations.