Vitamin D status in coronary artery disease: association with IL-35 and TGF-β1 and disease severity

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Fereshteh Rasa1,2, Nadereh Naderi3,4, Ebrahim Eftekhar5,6

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University Fars, Iran.

Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders Drug Targets
|April 28, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Vitamin D deficiency is linked to lower levels of TGF-β1 and IL-35 in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Vitamin D may protect against atherosclerosis by increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines like TGF-β1.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Immunology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • The protective mechanisms of vitamin D against atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CAD) are not fully understood.
  • Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their inhibitory cytokines play a role in immune regulation and may be influenced by vitamin D status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between vitamin D levels and the concentrations of inhibitory cytokines (TGF-β1 and IL-35) produced by Tregs in patients with CAD.
  • To explore the potential role of vitamin D in modulating these cytokines in the context of atherosclerosis severity.

Main Methods:

  • 81 CAD patients were categorized into groups based on the number of diseased vessels (none, single, double, triple).
  • Serum concentrations of vitamin D, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), and interleukin-35 (IL-35) were measured using electrochemiluminescence and ELISA assays.

Main Results:

  • Patients with no vessel disease had significantly higher vitamin D, TGF-β1, and IL-35 levels compared to those with CAD.
  • TGF-β1 and IL-35 levels were positively correlated with vitamin D concentrations and negatively correlated with CAD severity.
  • Vitamin D deficiency was associated with significantly lower TGF-β1 levels in CAD patients.

Conclusions:

  • Decreased vitamin D levels in CAD patients are associated with lower plasma concentrations of TGF-β1 and IL-35.
  • The antiatherosclerotic effects of vitamin D may be partly mediated by its ability to up-regulate anti-inflammatory cytokines, particularly TGF-β1.
  • TGF-β1 shows a significant association with vitamin D deficiency in CAD, suggesting a key role in vitamin D's protective effects.
Abstract

Keywords:
CAD patientsIL-35TGF-βcoronary angiographycoronary artery diseaseserum cytokinesvitamin D.

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