What has changed in canine pyoderma? A narrative review.

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Dermatology
• Microbiology
• Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

• Canine pyoderma is a common skin infection often treated with systemic antimicrobials.
• Historically manageable, pyoderma treatment is now complicated by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, particularly methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS).
• Rising antimicrobial resistance and the zoonotic potential of MRS pose public health concerns, necessitating updated management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the impact of MRS on canine pyoderma management.
• To update traditional treatment recommendations for improved antimicrobial stewardship.
• To explore new strategies for controlling and treating bacterial skin infections in dogs.

Main Methods:

• This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on canine pyoderma.
• It examines clinical characteristics, pathogens, and diagnostic techniques for identifying MDR pathogens.
• The review evaluates novel treatment and control approaches, including owner education and hygiene.

Main Results:

• MRS significantly limits effective treatment options for canine pyoderma.
• Antimicrobial stewardship is essential due to resistance and zoonotic potential.
• Topical therapies, cytology, and bacterial culture offer opportunities for stewardship.
• Identifying and correcting underlying causes of pyoderma is key to long-term success and preventing recurrence.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of canine pyoderma requires adapting to the challenge of MRS.
• A focus on early identification of MDR pathogens, judicious antimicrobial use, and addressing underlying conditions is paramount.
• Integrating owner education and hygiene practices supports antimicrobial stewardship and limits resistance spread.