Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19
Published on: May 25, 2022
Comparative analyses of flow and compaction properties of diverse mannitol and lactose grades
Shubhajit Paul1, Shao-Yu Chang1, Jiangnan Dun1
1Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-127B Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Abstract:
Appropriate selection of excipient grade during tablet formulation development depends on thorough knowledge in their compaction and flow properties. Each chemically unique pharmaceutical excipient is usually available in several commercial grades that are widely different in powder properties, which influence their performance for a specific formulation application. In this work, 11 grades of mannitol were systematically characterized, in terms of their particulate, flow and tableting properties, and compared against 5 grades of lactose. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified significant correlations among selected variables, such as particle size, surface area, flowability, wall friction, plasticity parameter, tensile strength, and tablet brittleness. PCA also revealed similar grades of the two excipients, which may be used to select replacement grade, if needed, based on similarity in their overall properties.
Related Concept Videos
Compact Bone
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Compacting Factor test
The procedure begins by placing concrete into the upper hopper without any compaction. Once filled, the bottom door of this hopper is opened,...
Graded Potential
Graded potentials fall into two categories: depolarizing and hyperpolarizing. Depolarizing graded potentials typically occur when sodium (Na+) or...
Types of Aggregate Grading
Well-graded aggregates include a complete range of necessary size fractions that fit together to create a dense matrix with minimal voids, represented by a smooth, continuous gradation curve. This type of grading ensures good...
Cell Diversity
Multicellular...
Diversity of Archaea II

