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Nephrolithiasis and Nephrocalcinosis in Childhood-Risk Factor-Related Current and Future Treatment Options

Alexander Weigert1, Bernd Hoppe1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Bonn, Germany.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|May 1, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis often stem from metabolic issues, necessitating prompt diagnosis. Current treatments are limited, but future therapies show promise for kidney stone disease.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Urology

Background:

  • Nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis, and nephrocalcinosis are frequent reasons for pediatric hospitalizations.
  • Early diagnostic evaluation is crucial as metabolic causes are found in approximately 80% of children with kidney stones.
  • Current therapeutic strategies for pediatric kidney stone disease are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current treatment options for pediatric nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis, and nephrocalcinosis based on identified lithogenic risk factors.
  • To provide an outlook on potential future therapeutic strategies for these conditions in children.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article.
  • Summarizes current and potential future treatment options for pediatric kidney stone disease.
  • Focuses on treatments tailored to specific lithogenic risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Metabolic abnormalities are identified in a high percentage of pediatric patients with kidney stone disease.
  • Existing treatments primarily involve general measures like increased fluid intake or enhancing lithogenic substance solubility.
  • Specific treatments are available based on identified risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis and metabolic evaluation are critical for managing pediatric kidney stone disease.
  • Current treatment options are limited, emphasizing the need for further research and development.
  • Innovative therapies, including mRNA-based and recombinant enzyme substitution, represent promising future directions.

Keywords:
nephrocalcinosisnephrolithiasistherapytreatmenturolithiasis

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