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Related Concept Videos

Random and Systematic Errors01:20

Random and Systematic Errors

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Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
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Systematic Sampling Method01:17

Systematic Sampling Method

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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
Systematic sampling is one of the simplest methods...
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Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error01:10

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The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this...
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Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors01:15

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In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
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Chemical Equilibria: Systematic Approach to Equilibrium Calculations01:21

Chemical Equilibria: Systematic Approach to Equilibrium Calculations

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Equilibrium calculations for systems involving multiple equilibria are often complex. For example, to calculate the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt in an aqueous solution in the presence of a common ion, one must consider all the equilibria in this solution. Calculations for these systems can be complicated and tedious, so a systematic approach with a series of steps is often helpful. The process is detailed below.
The first step is to identify all the chemical reactions involved, The...
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Quantifying Work02:30

Quantifying Work

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As a system undergoes a change, its internal energy can change, and energy can be transferred from the system to the surroundings, or from the surroundings to the system.
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Demonstrating Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound to New Endoscopists
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Toothbrushing Systematics Index (TSI) - A new tool for quantifying systematics in toothbrushing behaviour.

Nadine Schlueter1, Katrin Winterfeld2, Vicenç Quera3

  • 1Division for Cariology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Plos One
|May 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new Toothbrushing Systematics Index (TSI) quantifies brushing effectiveness by measuring completeness, isochronicity, and consistency. This index helps evaluate and improve oral hygiene practices.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral hygiene research
  • Behavioral science in health
  • Dental public health

Background:

  • Effective toothbrushing is crucial for oral health.
  • Quantifying toothbrushing technique systematically is challenging.
  • Existing methods may not fully capture brushing behavior nuances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel index for quantifying toothbrushing systematics.
  • To validate the index using observational data and algorithms.
  • To assess the index's clinical applicability and discriminative power.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the Toothbrushing Systematics Index (TSI) based on completeness, isochronicity, and consistency.
  • Utilized quantitative video observational data (area coverage, time, transitions).
  • Applied algorithms to derive index values and tested with clinical intervention data.

Main Results:

  • The TSI ranges from 0 (unsystematic) to 2 (perfectly systematic).
  • Optimal brushing involves reaching all areas equally long with minimal area changes.
  • Intervention study showed significant TSI improvement (p≤0.001) post-toothbrushing sequence adoption.

Conclusions:

  • The TSI offers a valid method to quantify toothbrushing technique variations.
  • The index demonstrates discriminative power in assessing changes in brushing habits.
  • This tool can aid in evaluating and enhancing toothbrushing education and interventions.