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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

157.2K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
157.2K
Translation01:31

Translation

17.9K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
17.9K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.2K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
39.2K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.8K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.8K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

6.8K
6.8K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

15.0K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
15.0K

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Standardized SDS-PAGE Workflow for Personalized Protein Corona Profiling in Early Cancer Detection
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Standardized SDS-PAGE Workflow for Personalized Protein Corona Profiling in Early Cancer Detection

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Translating Current Bioanalytical Techniques for Studying Corona Activity.

Chunming Wang1, Zhenzhen Wang2, Lei Dong2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.

Trends in Biotechnology
|May 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The biological corona surrounding nanomaterials impacts their behavior in the body. Modified bioanalytical methods are presented to accurately analyze corona proteins for improved nanomedicine.

Keywords:
bio-nano interfacecoronananomaterialsprotein analysistissue-materials interaction

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomedicine
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • The biological corona, protein layers adsorbed onto nanomaterials in vivo, significantly influences nanomaterial fate and nanomedicine efficacy.
  • Existing protein analysis techniques are often unsuitable for studying corona proteins due to altered conformation, activity, and interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt mainstream bioanalytical methodologies for the specific challenges of analyzing the biological corona.
  • To enable accurate dissection of corona composition, bioactivity, and interactions with nanomaterials and biological tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Tailor-made modifications were proposed for five common bioanalytical techniques.
  • These adaptations enable the study of corona proteins in their native-like state.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the utility of modified techniques for analyzing corona protein composition.
  • Showcased the capability to assess corona protein bioactivity and interactions with nanomaterials and tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Modified bioanalytical methods provide competent tools for comprehensive corona analysis.
  • Accurate corona characterization is crucial for advancing nanomedicine design and predicting in vivo nanomaterial behavior.