Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Lower Limb Biomechanical Analysis of Healthy Participants
Published on: April 15, 2020
Tracking Changes in Participation With Participation Measurement Scale in Community-Dwelling Stroke Survivors in
Oyéné Kossi1, Jean-Louis Thonnard2
1Systems and Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Unit of Neurology, University Hospital of Parakou, Parakou, Benin.
Objective:
To investigate responsiveness of the Participation Measurement Scale (PM-Scale) for the measurement of participation of stroke survivors.
Design:
A 6-month observational study with 3 evaluation time points. Responsiveness of the PM-Scale was investigated over a period of 6 months.
Setting:
Rehabilitation centers.
Participants:
Stroke survivors (N =64); mean age ± SD, 56.9±12.6 years; sex, 45 men (70%).
Interventions:
Not applicable.
Main Outcome Measures:
Participants were evaluated using the PM-Scale. The modified Rankin Scale was used to categorize the overall disability level for each participant.
Results:
The mixed-effect model analysis showed a significant difference in the participation over time (χ2=35.04; df=2; P<.001). In addition, the model exhibited significant effects of the sex, age, and disability at enrollment on the subjects' participation levels. Furthermore, the PM-Scale detected different levels of changes in the entire cohort over time (small change, effect size [ES]=0.33; moderate change, ES=0.67; and large change, ES=1). The PM-Scale also facilitated the classification of the participants into discriminative categories such as important improvement (t score≥1.96; 1.8≤ES≤2.13), moderate improvement (0
Conclusions:
The PM-Scale exhibited good responsiveness and accurately detected changes in stroke subjects' involvement in life situations. These results validate the usefulness of the PM-Scale for clinical trials and in settings to evaluate the effects of interventions on subjects with stroke in Africa.
Related Concept Videos
What are Populations and Communities?
pH Scale
Scaling
Community Based Intervention
Foundations of Community Mental Health Programs
Central to the success of community-based interventions is the...
Measures of Central Tendency
Regulation of Stroke Volume
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...

