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A survey on rectal bleeding in children, a report from Iran

Seyed Mohsen Dehghani, Iraj Shahramian, Maryam Ataollahi

    Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences
    |May 2, 2018
    PubMed

    Insights

    Rectal bleeding in children is often caused by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), nodular hyperplasia (NH), and juvenile polyposis (JP). A thorough diagnostic approach is recommended for accurate assessment in pediatric patients.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Gastroenterology
    • Colorectal Surgery
    • Pediatric Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Limited epidemiological data exists on pediatric rectal bleeding in Iran.
    • Understanding the causes of rectal bleeding in children is crucial for effective management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate and determine the primary etiologies of rectal bleeding in a pediatric cohort in Iran.
    • To establish the prevalence of various gastrointestinal conditions presenting with rectal bleeding in children.

    Main Methods:

    • A cohort of 730 children experiencing rectal bleeding was enrolled.
    • Colonoscopy was performed on all participants, with 457 undergoing subsequent histopathological examination.

    Main Results:

    • The most frequent causes identified by colonoscopy and histopathology were inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (29.4%, 15.8%), nodular hyperplasia (NH) (24.9%, 10%), and juvenile polyposis (JP) (12.6%, 9.9%).
    • Other identified conditions included solitary rectal ulcer, chronic colitis, allergic colitis, focal colitis, and infectious colitis.
    • Age distribution varied, with NH patients being youngest (4.6 ± 3.9 years) and those with chronic colitis oldest (9.2 ± 4.6 years) based on histopathology.

    Conclusions:

    • Juvenile polyposis (JP), nodular hyperplasia (NH), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are the predominant causes of rectal bleeding in Iranian children.
    • A comprehensive diagnostic workup is essential for accurate etiological assessment of rectal bleeding in pediatric cases.

    Keywords:
    Colitishematocheziainflammatory bowel diseasejuvenile polypnodular hyperplasiarectal bleeding

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