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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

221.5K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

6.5K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
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Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

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Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

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Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging
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In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging

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Time domain diffuse Raman spectrometer based on a TCSPC camera for the depth analysis of diffusive media.

S Konugolu Venkata Sekar, S Mosca, S Tannert

    Optics Letters
    |May 2, 2018
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new time domain diffuse Raman spectrometer uses a novel camera for depth probing in scattering media. This system effectively eliminates fluorescence and enhances Raman signals for better tissue analysis.

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    In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging
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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Optics
    • Spectroscopy
    • Photonics

    Background:

    • Highly scattering media pose challenges for optical probing.
    • Conventional Raman spectroscopy methods struggle with fluorescence contamination and depth resolution.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a time domain diffuse Raman spectrometer for depth-resolved analysis of scattering media.
    • To demonstrate enhanced signal contrast and reduced fluorescence in tissue phantoms.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a novel time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) camera for simultaneous spectral and temporal data acquisition.
    • Employed time gating techniques to isolate Raman photons and suppress fluorescence.
    • Developed a non-contact probe for measurements on tissue-mimicking bilayer phantoms.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved depth sensitivity by time gating Raman photons at specific delays.
    • Successfully eliminated fluorescence contamination through early time gating (0-212 ps).
    • Demonstrated a high contrast between layers in a bilayer phantom with an enhancement factor of 2170.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed time domain diffuse Raman spectrometer offers significant advantages for depth probing in scattering media.
    • The system provides superior signal enhancement and fluorescence suppression compared to existing methods like SORS and FORS.