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Who Decides What Is Acceptable Speech on Campus? Why Restricting Free Speech Is Not the Answer
Stephen J Ceci1, Wendy M Williams1
1Department of Human Development, Cornell University.
Psychological science can help understand campus conflicts over controversial speakers. Research on cognitive biases informs arguments about free speech versus protecting marginalized groups from hate speech.
Area of Science:
- Psychological Science
- Social Psychology
- Cognitive Bias
Background:
- Campus protests have led to canceled talks and violence.
- Conflicting claims arise regarding free speech rights and protection from hate speech.
Purpose of the Study:
- To apply psychological science to understand campus conflicts.
- To integrate legal and philosophical perspectives with psychological research.
- To propose principles for university policies on free expression and inclusivity.
Main Methods:
- Framing opposing arguments using psychological concepts (e.g., selective perception, confirmation bias, naive realism).
- Analyzing claims regarding moral responsibility versus infringement of speech rights.
- Synthesizing psychological, legal, and philosophical insights.
Main Results:
- Psychological biases contribute to polarized views on campus speech debates.
- Free speech and protection from hate speech involve complex ethical and legal dimensions.
- Empirical research supports principles for balancing expression and inclusivity.
Conclusions:
- Psychological science offers valuable insights into campus speech conflicts.
- Legal and philosophical frameworks are essential for a comprehensive understanding.
- Evidence-based principles can guide policies promoting free expression in diverse communities.
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