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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Quantitative Autonomic Testing
Published on: July 19, 2011
Overview of Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias: Nosologic Evolution, Diagnosis, and Management
Diana Yi-Ting Wei1,2, Jonathan Jia Yuan Ong1,2,3, Peter James Goadsby1,2
1Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, United Kingdom.
Abstract:
The term trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) encompasses four primary headache disorders - cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania (PH), hemicrania continua (HC), short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT)/short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA). All of these except HC are characterized by short-lasting headaches. HC is characterized by a continuous unilateral headache that waxes and wanes in its intensity without complete resolution. It is included in the TACs group given the overlap in the activation of the posterior hypothalamic grey, and the shared clinical feature of unilateral head pain with ipsilateral cranial autonomic symptoms. The present review gives an overview of the nosologic evolution, diagnosis, and management of TACs.
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