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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
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Gene Expression Analysis of Immunomagnetically Enriched Circulating Tumor Cell Fraction in Castration-Resistant

Markéta Škereňová1,2, Veronika Mikulová3, Otakar Čapoun4

  • 1Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 12808, Prague, Czech Republic. jancikova.market@gmail.com.

Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy
|May 5, 2018
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Detecting androgen receptor (AR) mRNA in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients using liquid biopsy may predict survival. This gene expression analysis in CTCs aids in understanding CRPC progression and treatment response.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Molecular characterization of tumors is crucial for targeted therapy decisions in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
  • Non-invasive liquid biopsy using circulating tumor cells (CTCs) offers a promising approach for tumor molecular profiling.
  • CTC-enriched samples are valuable for high-throughput gene expression analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of detecting androgen receptor (AR) mRNA in CTCs for therapeutic decision-making in CRPC.
  • To assess the correlation between AR expression in CTCs and patient survival and treatment response.
  • To validate the use of CTCs for high-throughput gene expression analysis in CRPC.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of CTC-enriched samples from 41 CRPC patients using the AdnaTest®.
  • Quantification of AR mRNA, including full-length AR (ARFL) and splice variant 7 (ARV7), using the BioMark™ platform.
  • Gene expression profiling of 27 CRPC-related genes at diagnosis and after docetaxel treatment.

Main Results:

  • AdnaTest® detected AR mRNA in 75% of CTC-positive samples.
  • AR detection at CRPC diagnosis was associated with shorter disease-specific survival (45.0 vs. 20.4 months).
  • ARFL expression correlated with a worse therapy response, indicated by a smaller decrease in serum PSA levels.
  • ARV7 was detected in 38% of ARFL-positive samples.

Conclusions:

  • AR expression detection in CTCs via AdnaTest® can aid in predicting patient survival in CRPC.
  • CTC-enriched samples are suitable for high-throughput gene expression analysis using qPCR.
  • The BioMark™ platform enables simultaneous detection of ARFL, ARV7, and other relevant genes in CRPC CTCs.