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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
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Defining Reference Values for Skeletal Muscle Metrics on Abdominal CT Using Data From Healthy Young Adult

Connie Ju1, Lawrence Yao2, Se-Young Yoon1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Rd, MC 5659, Stanford, CA 94304.

AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
|May 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study establishes reference values for CT skeletal muscle index (SMI) and skeletal muscle density (SMD) in healthy young adults. These findings provide crucial cutoffs for opportunistic sarcopenia screening and risk stratification.

Keywords:
CTT-scoremeta-analysismusclemyosteatosissarcopenia

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology and Imaging
  • Gerontology and Geriatrics
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Computed tomography (CT) muscle metrics offer potential for sarcopenia screening.
  • Lack of population-wide reference values hinders opportunistic screening and risk stratification.
  • Standardized CT skeletal muscle metrics are needed for clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish reference cutoff values for CT skeletal muscle index (SMI) and skeletal muscle density (SMD).
  • To utilize data from healthy young adult populations for developing these reference values.
  • To enable more accurate and widespread sarcopenia screening.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across major databases (PubMed, Embase, etc.) up to January 1, 2025.
  • Random effects meta-analysis was employed to estimate mean values and interstudy standard deviations for SMI and SMD in men and women.
  • Cutoff values corresponding to a T-score of -2 were calculated using pooled data and intrastudy variance.

Main Results:

  • The meta-analysis included 14 studies with 16,958 participants.
  • Estimated global mean SMI values were 54.6 (men) and 42.4 (women); mean SMD values were 47.4 HU (men) and 43.6 HU (women).
  • T-score of -2 cutoffs were determined as 36.3 for men and 27.5 for women for SMI, and 36.4 HU for men and 28.1 HU for women for SMD.

Conclusions:

  • This meta-analysis provides the first reference mean values and standardized T-score of -2 cutoffs for L3 skeletal muscle index and density from CT in healthy young adults.
  • These established values can significantly aid in the opportunistic screening for sarcopenia.
  • The findings support the use of CT-derived muscle metrics for broader clinical risk stratification.