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Clinical Practice Protocol of Creative Music Therapy for Preterm Infants and Their Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
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Infant allocare in traditional societies.

Karen L Kramer1, Amanda Veile2

  • 1Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, United States.

Physiology & Behavior
|May 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Allomothers provide crucial infant care, freeing up mothers

Keywords:
AllocareCooperative breedingHunter-gatherersMayaSavanna PuméTime allocation

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Area of Science:

  • Human evolutionary biology
  • Anthropology
  • Developmental psychology

Background:

  • Infant care is a universal human behavior involving mothers and other caretakers (allomothers).
  • Reproductive cooperation raises questions about the benefits of allomothering for mothers and infants, and the motivations of caretakers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate how allomothering (allocare) impacts maternal time allocation.
  • To determine if mothers' birth intervals, fertility, and infant weight are affected by the amount of childcare help received.
  • To assess the opportunity costs for individuals providing childcare.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of behavioral and biological data from three small-scale societies (hunter-gatherer and agricultural).
  • Quantification of direct care provided by mothers versus allomothers.
  • Modeling the relationship between allocare and maternal time, fitness outcomes, and infant development.

Main Results:

  • Allomothers provide 43% of infant care, reducing mothers' direct care by 25% for every 10% increase in allocare, saving mothers significant daily energy.
  • No significant effects of allocare were found on maternal birth intervals, surviving fertility, or infant weight.
  • Siblings are frequent caretakers, engaging in childcare without compromising their own activities like play or education.

Conclusions:

  • Allomothering provides immediate time and energy benefits for mothers, enhancing their flexibility in managing competing demands.
  • Low opportunity costs for juvenile caretakers, particularly siblings, offer a plausible explanation for widespread juvenile involvement in childcare.
  • While immediate benefits are evident, long-term fitness effects of allocare require further investigation across diverse cultural contexts.