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Addressing Criticisms of Large-Scale Marine Protected Areas.

Bethan C O'Leary1,2,3,4, Natalie C Ban5,4, Miriam Fernandez6,4

  • 1Research associate at the Environment Department at the University of York, in the United Kingdom.

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Large-scale marine protected areas (LSMPAs) are crucial for ocean conservation, despite facing common management challenges. These areas are vital for a diversified strategy to achieve sustainably managed oceans.

Keywords:
Convention on Biological Diversity conservation targetsSDG 14Sustainable Development Goal 14marine protected areasvery large marine protected areas

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Area of Science:

  • Marine conservation science
  • Ocean management
  • Biodiversity protection

Background:

  • Large-scale marine protected areas (LSMPAs) represent over two-thirds of marine protected areas.
  • LSMPAs are supported for wilderness protection, ecological connectivity, and climate resilience.
  • Concerns exist regarding LSMPAs' placement, governance, management, political expediency, and social-ecological value.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the value, achievements, and challenges of LSMPAs.
  • To address common criticisms of LSMPAs through scientific evidence.
  • To assess the potential of LSMPAs in ocean conservation strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of 10 common criticisms of LSMPAs.
  • Categorization of criticisms into themes: placement, governance, management, political expediency, and social-ecological value.
  • Critical evaluation of scientific evidence to discuss LSMPA effectiveness.

Main Results:

  • LSMPAs face criticisms related to placement, governance, management, political factors, and cost-benefit.
  • Many criticisms are not exclusive to LSMPAs but are common to broader management challenges.
  • LSMPAs demonstrate value and achievements in specific conservation contexts.

Conclusions:

  • While some LSMPA criticisms are valid and require attention, they are not unique to these large areas.
  • LSMPAs are a valuable component of a varied management approach for ocean conservation.
  • LSMPAs enhance the likelihood of achieving sustainably managed oceans by mitigating risks and uncertainty.