Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

5.1K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.1K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

5.5K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
5.5K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

3.7K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
3.7K
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

1.1K
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
1.1K
Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

506
Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
506
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

73.0K
Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
73.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Relationship of Carbohydrate Intake Proportion to Cardiovascular Events in Japanese People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2025
Same author

Association between cognitive function and relaxation rates of the cerebral cortex.

Journal of the neurological sciences·2025
Same author

Insulin Resistance-related Gray Matter Volume Reduction is Associated with the Default Mode Network.

Juntendo medical journal·2025
Same author

Association of Glycaemia Risk Index With Indices of Atherosclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Journal of diabetes·2025
Same author

Effect of sampling rate during dynamic myocardial CT perfusion on coronary flow reserve and ischemia analysis.

The international journal of cardiovascular imaging·2025
Same author

Influence of therapeutic inorganic iodine on long-term prognosis of Graves' disease: a multicenter prospective observational study.

Endocrine journal·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Diabetes Research with Static Exercise Training in Mice
03:17

Author Spotlight: Advancing Diabetes Research with Static Exercise Training in Mice

Published on: March 29, 2024

1.1K

Type 2 Diabetes: When Does It Start?

Hiroyuki Sagesaka1, Yuka Sato1, Yuki Someya2,3

  • 1Diabetes Center, Aizawa Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan.

Journal of the Endocrine Society
|May 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and body mass index (BMI), along with lower insulin sensitivity (SPISE), were observed at least 10 years before prediabetes or diabetes diagnosis, indicating early glucose dysregulation.

Keywords:
Japanesediabetes mellitusprediabetesstarting point of diabetestrajectory

More Related Videos

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes
16:26

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes

Published on: August 20, 2007

6.2K
An Advanced Murine Model for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Association with Type 2 Diabetes
10:17

An Advanced Murine Model for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Association with Type 2 Diabetes

Published on: April 26, 2019

7.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Diabetes Research with Static Exercise Training in Mice
03:17

Author Spotlight: Advancing Diabetes Research with Static Exercise Training in Mice

Published on: March 29, 2024

1.1K
Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes
16:26

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes

Published on: August 20, 2007

6.2K
An Advanced Murine Model for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Association with Type 2 Diabetes
10:17

An Advanced Murine Model for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Association with Type 2 Diabetes

Published on: April 26, 2019

7.5K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Diabetes Research

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus and prediabetes are significant global health concerns.
  • Early detection of metabolic dysregulation is crucial for timely intervention.
  • Understanding the long-term trajectory of metabolic markers preceding diagnosis is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the onset of diabetes and prediabetes by examining metabolic markers.
  • To identify physiological changes occurring at least 10 years prior to diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of health data from 27,392 non-diabetic individuals.
  • Assessment of trajectories for fasting plasma glucose (FPG), body mass index (BMI), and insulin sensitivity (SPISE) up to 10 years before diagnosis.
  • Mixed-effects modeling used to analyze longitudinal data.

Main Results:

  • Individuals who developed diabetes showed significantly higher FPG and BMI, and lower SPISE at -10 years compared to controls.
  • Individuals who developed prediabetes also exhibited distinct metabolic profiles at -10 years, albeit less pronounced.
  • Metabolic differences progressively increased closer to the diagnosis year.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated FPG and altered insulin sensitivity precede the clinical diagnosis of diabetes by at least a decade.
  • Glucose dysregulation is evident for at least 20 years prior to a diabetes diagnosis.
  • These findings highlight the potential for early identification of individuals at risk for diabetes.