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Temporary crate opening procedure affects immediate post-opening piglet mortality and sow behaviour.

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Temporary farrowing crates can be opened to improve sow welfare, but piglet mortality may increase. Opening crates individually in the afternoon (PM) significantly reduced piglet mortality compared to other methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Ethology
  • Agricultural Engineering

Background:

  • Producers seek farrowing systems with reduced confinement to enhance sow welfare.
  • Concerns exist regarding potential increases in piglet mortality with less restrictive systems.
  • Temporary confinement systems offer a balance, protecting piglets initially then allowing sow freedom.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if piglet mortality increases after temporary farrowing crates are opened.
  • To evaluate different crate opening techniques for reducing post-opening piglet mortality.
  • To analyze the influence of opening techniques on sow behavior.

Main Methods:

  • 416 sows were assigned to three treatments: morning individual opening (AM), afternoon individual opening (PM), and simultaneous group opening (ALL).
  • Piglet mortality was recorded pre- and post-opening.
  • Sow behavior was observed for 6 hours before and after crate opening.

Main Results:

  • Piglet mortality was significantly higher post-opening across all treatments.
  • The PM treatment resulted in the lowest piglet mortality post-opening.
  • Sows in PM and AM treatments exhibited more sitting behavior, potentially indicating increased alertness.

Conclusions:

  • Individual, particularly afternoon, opening of temporary farrowing crates can reduce piglet mortality.
  • Sow habituation to disturbance prior to opening may mitigate mortality increases.
  • Optimizing opening timing and technique is crucial for balancing sow welfare and piglet survival.