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Stereotypic Movement Disorders.

Mackenzie Katherine1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA.

Seminars in Pediatric Neurology
|May 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Motor stereotypies are persistent movements often starting in early childhood. Behavioral therapy is the primary treatment, though research into genetic markers and neurobiology is ongoing.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Motor stereotypies are repetitive, fixed movements that can persist from early childhood into adulthood.
  • They are classified as primary (in typically developing children) or secondary (associated with conditions like autism spectrum disorder or other neurological disorders).
  • These movements are frequently linked with comorbidities including anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, inattention, and tics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive summary of motor stereotypies.
  • To cover their description, prevalence, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.
  • To highlight current understanding and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of existing literature on motor stereotypies.
  • It synthesizes information on the characteristics, epidemiology, underlying mechanisms, diagnostic criteria, and treatment approaches.
  • The review draws upon current research findings and clinical observations.

Main Results:

  • Motor stereotypies are characterized by fixed, persistent movements beginning before age three and continuing into adulthood.
  • Primary motor stereotypies occur in children with normal intelligence, while secondary stereotypies are associated with other diagnoses.
  • Pathophysiology involves imbalances in fronto-striatal pathways, specifically overactive dopaminergic and underactive cholinergic/GABAergic systems.

Conclusions:

  • Behavioral therapy is the principal management strategy for motor stereotypies.
  • Despite a genetic predisposition, specific genetic markers have not yet been identified.
  • Future research should aim to identify genetic markers and elucidate the neurobiological underpinnings of these movements.