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Tic Disorders and PANDAS
1Division of Child Neurology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
Insights
This review examines childhood tics, their causes, and treatments. It also reviews pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with group A streptococci (PANDAS) to improve diagnosis and find new therapies.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurology
- Neuroscience
- Movement Disorders
Background:
- Tics are the most common childhood movement disorder.
- They are a frequent reason for child neurology referrals.
- Understanding etiology and treatment is crucial for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the phenomenology of tics.
- To discuss genetic and pathophysiological causes of tics.
- To evaluate current treatment options for tic disorders and PANDAS.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of tic disorders.
- Examination of evidence for pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with group A streptococci (PANDAS).
- Analysis of current treatment strategies.
Main Results:
- Tics present with diverse phenomenology.
- Genetic and pathophysiological factors contribute to tic development.
- Current treatments offer varying efficacy for tic disorders and PANDAS.
Conclusions:
- Improved understanding of tic disorders aids diagnosis.
- Novel treatment strategies are needed.
- Further research into etiology and treatment response is warranted.
Abstract:
Tics are the most common movement disorder in childhood and are a frequent reason for referral to child neurology clinics. The purpose of this review is to examine the phenomenology of tics, discuss what is known regarding their genetic and pathophysiological causes and to evaluate current treatment options. The evidence for the evaluation and treatment of the controversial diagnosis of pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with group A streptococci (PANDAS) will also be reviewed. With improved understanding of tic disorders, their etiology and response to current treatment options, we may be able to more effectively diagnose them and identify novel treatment strategies.
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