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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats
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Tic Disorders and PANDAS.

Joanna S Blackburn1

  • 1Division of Child Neurology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.

Seminars in Pediatric Neurology
|May 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review examines childhood tics, their causes, and treatments. It also reviews pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with group A streptococci (PANDAS) to improve diagnosis and find new therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Tics are the most common childhood movement disorder.
  • They are a frequent reason for child neurology referrals.
  • Understanding etiology and treatment is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the phenomenology of tics.
  • To discuss genetic and pathophysiological causes of tics.
  • To evaluate current treatment options for tic disorders and PANDAS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of tic disorders.
  • Examination of evidence for pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with group A streptococci (PANDAS).
  • Analysis of current treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Tics present with diverse phenomenology.
  • Genetic and pathophysiological factors contribute to tic development.
  • Current treatments offer varying efficacy for tic disorders and PANDAS.

Conclusions:

  • Improved understanding of tic disorders aids diagnosis.
  • Novel treatment strategies are needed.
  • Further research into etiology and treatment response is warranted.