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Related Concept Videos

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
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Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
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Variability: Analysis01:11

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Measures of variability are statistical metrics that reveal the dispersion pattern within a dataset. They are pivotal in biostatistics, providing insights into the heterogeneity within health and biological data. Variability signifies the degree to which data points diverge from one another, helping researchers understand the potential range of values and associated uncertainty within the data.
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Random Variables01:09

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A random variable is a single numerical value that indicates the outcome of a procedure. The concept of random variables is fundamental to the probability theory and was introduced by a Russian mathematician, Pafnuty Chebyshev, in the mid-nineteenth century.
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In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

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Host-dependent variables: The missing link to personalized medicine.

Regina Demlova1, Lenka Zdrazilova-Dubska2, Jaroslav Sterba3

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Czech Republic; Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Czech Republic; Clinical Trial Unit, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Czech Republic.

European Journal of Surgical Oncology : the Journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology
|May 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Individualized medicine aims to personalize cancer treatment for better patient outcomes. Current clinical trials focus on group averages, but future research should embrace patient individuality and unique variables for more effective anticancer therapies.

Keywords:
CancerImmunobiologyPersonalized medicinePharmacogeneticsTargeted therapyTumour microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Precision Medicine
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Individualized medicine offers tailored anticancer therapies for improved patient care and safety.
  • Current targeted therapies are evaluated in clinical trials using group averages, potentially overlooking individual patient responses.
  • Malignant disease necessitates understanding host- and tumor-dependent variables, including tumor biology, microenvironment, immune response, and host capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advocate for a shift in clinical trial design and medical oncology practices.
  • To emphasize the importance of patient individuality over group averages in cancer treatment.
  • To highlight the need to consider time-dependent host characteristics and outliers in determining treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current practices in targeted anticancer therapy and clinical trial design.
  • Analysis of factors influencing treatment response and safety in cancer patients.
  • Conceptual framework for incorporating individual patient variables into oncology research.

Main Results:

  • Group average assessments in clinical trials may not fully capture the efficacy of targeted therapies for all patients.
  • Host- and tumor-dependent variables significantly influence treatment outcomes.
  • Outliers and time-dependent host characteristics are crucial, naturally occurring variables in cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Medical oncology and clinical trial design must evolve to focus on individual patient characteristics.
  • Appreciating patient individuality and unique biological variables is key to optimizing anticancer therapy.
  • A paradigm shift towards personalized assessment is necessary for advancing cancer care and improving patient outcomes.