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Pathophysiology of IBD associated diarrhea
Arivarasu N Anbazhagan1, Shubha Priyamvada1, Waddah A Alrefai1,2
1a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.
Tissue Barriers
|May 9, 2018
Summary
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) cause chronic diarrhea due to impaired intestinal ion transport and barrier function. Understanding these mechanisms is key to managing this debilitating gastrointestinal condition.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Immunology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic gastrointestinal disorders with rising global incidence.
- The complex etiology of IBD involves genetic, environmental, immunological, and gut microbial interactions.
- Recurring, bloody diarrhea is a primary and debilitating symptom of IBD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanisms underlying impaired ion transport and epithelial barrier function in IBD-associated diarrhea.
- To elucidate how these factors contribute to the pathophysiology of diarrhea in inflammatory bowel diseases.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on IBD pathogenesis, focusing on intestinal ion transport and epithelial barrier function.
- Analysis of molecular and cellular mechanisms contributing to diarrhea in CD and UC.
Main Results:
- Altered expression or function of epithelial ion transporters leads to electrolyte and water accumulation in the intestinal lumen.
- Impaired epithelial barrier function contributes to diarrhea through a leak-flux mechanism.
- Enteric pathogen penetration exacerbates dysbiosis and immune responses, perpetuating tissue damage and diarrhea.
Conclusions:
- Dysregulated intestinal ion transport is a principal driver of diarrhea in IBD.
- Loss of epithelial barrier integrity exacerbates diarrhea and disease progression.
- Targeting ion transport and barrier repair may offer therapeutic strategies for IBD-associated diarrhea.
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