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Name Norms: A Guide to Casting Your Next Experiment.

Leonard S Newman1, Mingxuan Tan2, Tracy L Caldwell3

  • 11 Syracuse University, NY, USA.

Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin
|May 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Choosing names for study participants in psychological research can introduce bias. This study provides data on name perceptions to help researchers select neutral names, improving experimental validity and results.

Keywords:
person perceptionproper namesresearch methods

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Research Methodology

Background:

  • Psychological studies frequently use vignettes with named individuals to represent specific variables.
  • The connotations of chosen names can introduce unintended variance and affect study outcomes.
  • A lack of current resources makes selecting neutral names challenging for researchers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated resource for psychologists to select participant names.
  • To assess the perceived age, warmth, and competence associated with a large sample of names.
  • To mitigate potential biases introduced by name connotations in experimental research.

Main Methods:

  • Collected ratings of a large set of names from participants across four U.S. regions.
  • Assessed perceptions of names based on age, warmth, and competence.
  • Presented the full dataset of name ratings and illustrative studies.

Main Results:

  • Name perceptions varied significantly across different names.
  • Certain names were consistently associated with specific traits like age, warmth, or competence.
  • Demonstration studies highlighted the impact of name choice on experimental outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Name selection is a critical methodological consideration in psychological research.
  • The provided name ratings can help researchers choose less biasing names.
  • Utilizing this resource can enhance the internal validity and generalizability of psychological studies.