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Electromechanics and Volume Dynamics in Nonexcitable Tissue Cells.

Florence Yellin1, Yizeng Li1, Varun K A Sreenivasan2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.

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Cell volume regulation is influenced by electrical potential and ion concentrations. Changes in membrane potential and ion levels can significantly alter cell size, impacting cell growth and homeostasis.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cell volume regulation is critical for cellular processes like growth, proliferation, and tissue homeostasis.
  • The precise mechanisms controlling cell size over a lifetime remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the coupling between nonexcitable tissue cell volume, membrane electrical potential, and extracellular ion concentrations.
  • To model water dynamics influenced by membrane potential and permeable ion concentrations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology to induce cell depolarization and hyperpolarization.
  • Manipulated extracellular concentrations of chloride, sodium, potassium, and observed effects on cell volume.
  • Investigated the role of cortical tension by inducing actin depolymerization.
  • Developed an electrophysiology model for water dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Cell depolarization led to a significant ~50% increase in cell volume; hyperpolarization caused a slight decrease.
  • Modulating extracellular chloride or sodium/potassium concentrations altered cell volume.
  • Depleting external chloride reduced cell volume; high-potassium solutions increased volume up to 50%.
  • Actin depolymerization resulted in cell volume increase.

Conclusions:

  • Cell volume is directly coupled to membrane electrical potential and extracellular permeable ion concentrations.
  • The developed model quantitatively predicts cell volume is proportional to intracellular protein content.