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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

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Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
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Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

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Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
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Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

356
Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Author Spotlight: Investigating HR-Dependent Cardiac Function in Mouse Models Through a Novel Atrial-Pacing Approach
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Heart Failure in Women.

Biykem Bozkurt1, Shaden Khalaf1

  • 1WINTERS CENTER FOR HEART FAILURE RESEARCH, CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH INSTITUTE, BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, HOUSTON, TEXAS.

Methodist Debakey Cardiovascular Journal
|May 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Heart failure affects women significantly, often at older ages. While treatment guidelines are similar for men and women, women are underrepresented in clinical trials, necessitating further research.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Women's Health
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of illness and death in women, typically diagnosed at older ages than in men.
  • HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is more prevalent in women, constituting over half of all HF cases in this demographic.
  • Women with HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) experience greater symptom burden and similar adverse outcomes compared to men.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of heart failure in women, focusing on epidemiological differences, clinical presentation, and treatment considerations.
  • To highlight the underrepresentation of women in clinical trials for heart failure.
  • To identify areas for future research into the specific mechanisms and targeted therapies for heart failure in women.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
femalegenderheart failuresexwomen

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  • Literature review of epidemiological data and clinical trial participation.
  • Analysis of clinical characteristics and outcomes in women with heart failure.
  • Examination of current guideline-directed medical therapy recommendations for heart failure.

Main Results:

  • Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is more common in women.
  • Women with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction are more symptomatic but have similar outcomes to men.
  • Current guidelines do not differentiate treatment approaches based on sex, yet women remain underrepresented in clinical trials.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is crucial to understand the distinct pathophysiology of heart failure in women.
  • Investigating sex-specific mechanisms and developing targeted therapies are essential for improving outcomes.
  • Increased inclusion of women in clinical trials is necessary to ensure evidence-based, sex-specific treatment strategies.