Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 10, 2026
08:18
Visualizing Motion Patterns in Acupuncture Manipulation
Published on: July 16, 2016
9.2K
[Changes in Hepatitis A epidemiological pattern in Andalucía: 2007-2017]
Rocío Lorenzo Ortega1,2,3, Blanca O Donnell Cortés1,4, Rocío Ortiz González Serna2,5
1Servicio de Medicina Preventiva. Hospital Virgen de la Victoria. Málaga. España.
Revista Espanola De Salud Publica
|May 11, 2018
Summary
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) outbreaks in Andalusia disproportionately affected men who have sex with men (MSM), indicating a need for targeted vaccination strategies to control disease transmission.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Sexual transmission of Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is recognized, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM).
- Recent HAV outbreaks have been observed in MSM populations within the European Union.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the epidemiology of HAV in Andalusia from 2007 to 2017.
- To analyze HAV outbreaks specifically within the MSM population during this period.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective descriptive study utilizing the Andalusia Epidemiological Surveillance System (2007-2017).
- Calculation of annual incidence rates per 100,000 population, stratified by sex.
- Analysis of case distribution by gender and age, using the male-female ratio as an indirect indicator for MSM.
Main Results:
- The mean annual HAV incidence rate was 4.09 cases per 100,000, with higher rates in men (4.7) than women (2.53).
- Two significant HAV outbreaks occurred: 2008-2009 and 2016-2017.
- These outbreaks primarily affected young MSM engaging in sexual risk behaviors, diverging from the traditional disease pattern.
Conclusions:
- Men who have sex with men (MSM) are central to recent HAV outbreaks in Andalusia.
- Current disease control strategies require re-evaluation.
- Systematic vaccination for HAV should be considered for effective disease management.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Introduction to Epidemiology
1.9K
Epidemiology, known as the cornerstone of public health, involves studying the distribution and determinants of health-related events in defined populations and applying these insights to control health issues. This is essential for understanding how diseases spread, identifying populations at greater risk, and implementing measures to control or prevent outbreaks. Epidemiology addresses not only infectious diseases but also non-communicable conditions like cancer and cardiovascular disease,...
1.9K
01:21Causality in Epidemiology
1.7K
Causality or causation is a fundamental concept in epidemiology, vital for understanding the relationships between various factors and health outcomes. Despite its importance, there's no single, universally accepted definition of causality within the discipline. Drawing from a systematic review, causality in epidemiology encompasses several definitions, including production, necessary and sufficient, sufficient-component, counterfactual, and probabilistic models. Each has its strengths and...
1.7K
01:20Study Designs in Epidemiology
1.0K
Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
1.0K
01:27Confounding in Epidemiological Studies
856
Confounding in statistical epidemiology represents a pivotal challenge, referring to the distortion in the perceived relationship between an exposure and an outcome due to the presence of a third variable, known as a confounder. This variable is associated with both the exposure and the outcome but is not a direct link in their causal chain. Its presence can lead to erroneous interpretations of the exposure's effect, either exaggerating or underestimating the true association. This...
856
01:29Bias in Epidemiological Studies
1.4K
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
1.4K
01:08Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment
281
Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
281