Constructing Smart Protocells with Built-In DNA Computational Core to Eliminate Exogenous Challenge

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Synthetic Biology
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• DNA reaction networks function as biological algorithms, processing molecular input signals.
• Artificial cells (protocells) can act as microrobots powered by encapsulated biological systems.
• Integrating computational elements within protocells is key for advanced functions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To demonstrate the feasibility of using a DNA reaction network as the computational core of a protocell.
• To engineer a protocell capable of performing an artificial immune response against a simulated pathogen.
• To establish a foundation for DNA algorithm-based nanodevices and future artificial cell applications.

Main Methods:

• Designing a DNA reaction network (RN) with logical computation capabilities.
• Encapsulating the DNA RN within an artificial cell membrane (protocell).
• Challenging the protocell with a mimicked pathogenic signal to test its response.

Main Results:

• The DNA RN successfully performed logical computations based on biological input signals.
• The protocell demonstrated an artificial immune response, eliminating the simulated pathogenic challenge.
• The artificial bilayer membrane provided spatial isolation and protection for the DNA computation.

Conclusions:

• DNA reaction networks can serve as the computational engine for artificial cells.
• This strategy enables the integration of biological recognition and molecular computation in protocells.
• The findings pave the way for DNA algorithm-based nanodevices and advanced protocell development in biomedicine.