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Related Experiment Video

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Non-invasive Optical Imaging of the Lymphatic Vasculature of a Mouse
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Lymphatic markers in the human optic nerve.

A Trost1, C Runge1, D Bruckner1

  • 1Dept Ophthalmology/Optometry, Research Program Experimental Ophthalmology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.

Experimental Eye Research
|May 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found no lymphatic structures in the adult human optic nerve (ON). Instead, LYVE-1+ cells were identified as macrophages, indicating no lymphatic vessels are present in the ON.

Keywords:
CCL21FOXC2Human optic nerveLYVE-1Lymphatic markersPDPN

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • The central nervous system (CNS), including the optic nerve (ON), is traditionally considered a-lymphatic.
  • Previous studies suggested lymphatic structures in the dura mater of human ON sheaths, necessitating further validation.
  • The presence of lymphatic markers on non-lymphatic cells requires careful interpretation according to established guidelines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence of lymphatic structures in the adult human optic nerve (ON).
  • To utilize a combination of four validated lymphatic markers for accurate identification.
  • To differentiate between true lymphatic vessels and cells expressing lymphatic markers in the ON.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of human optic nerve (ON) cryo-sections (n=12) using immunofluorescence.
  • Application of lymphatic markers (FOXC2, CCL21, LYVE-1, podoplanin/PDPN) and cell-specific markers (Iba1, CD68, CD31, NF200, GFAP).
  • Human skin sections served as positive controls; confocal microscopy was used for documentation.

Main Results:

  • Lymphatic structures were confirmed in human skin controls, showing co-localization of LYVE-1/PDPN/FOXC2 and CCL21/LYVE-1.
  • No lymphatic structures were detected in the adult human ON.
  • Single LYVE-1+ cells in the ON were identified as macrophages (Iba1+, CD68+), particularly in the periphery.
  • Podoplanin (PDPN) showed faint labeling in the human ON, co-localizing with GFAP, unlike in rat ON controls.

Conclusions:

  • The adult human optic nerve (ON) does not contain lymphatic structures.
  • LYVE-1 expression in the ON is associated with macrophages, not lymphatic vessels.
  • Inter-individual variations in LYVE-1+ and Iba1+ cells may relate to donor medical history.