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Perinatal Brain Injury: Mechanisms, Prevention, and Outcomes

Christopher M Novak1, Maide Ozen2, Irina Burd3

  • 1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Phipps 214, Baltimore, MD 21287-4922, USA.

Clinics in Perinatology
|May 12, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Perinatal brain injury can cause long-term health issues in infants. This review covers injury mechanisms, prevention strategies, and outcomes for affected children.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal neurology
  • Developmental neuroscience
  • Pediatric critical care

Background:

  • Perinatal brain injury is a significant cause of long-term infant morbidity and neurodevelopmental impairment.
  • Advances in perinatal care increase survival rates for infants with brain injuries.
  • Hypoxia-ischemia, inflammation, and infection are key contributors to perinatal brain injury pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms underlying perinatal brain injury.
  • To discuss current and emerging prevention strategies.
  • To examine the outcomes for children experiencing perinatal brain injury.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of perinatal brain injury.
  • Analysis of injury mechanisms including excitotoxicity, apoptosis, and microglial activation.
  • Synthesis of data on prevention and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Perinatal brain injury involves complex pathways affecting neuronal development.
  • Multiple interventions show promise in preventing or mitigating injury.
  • Understanding these pathways is crucial for improving long-term outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Effective prevention and management of perinatal brain injury are critical for improving infant neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • Continued research into injury mechanisms and interventions is warranted.
  • Multidisciplinary approaches are essential for optimizing care for infants at risk.

Keywords:
Cerebral palsyEncephalopathyHypothermiaIntraventricular hemorrhagePerinatal arterial ischemic strokePerinatal brain injuryPeriventricular leukomalaciaPrevention

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