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Visual processing as a potential endophenotype in youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A sibling
Li-Ying Fan1,2, Chi-Yung Shang1,3, Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng4,3,5
1Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
Human Brain Mapping
|May 12, 2018
Summary
Brain differences in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were studied in probands, unaffected siblings, and controls. Less activation in the left superior parietal lobule may be an endophenotype for visual processing in ADHD.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Psychology
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with deficits in inhibitory control and visual processing.
- Endophenotypes for unaffected siblings of individuals with ADHD are not well understood.
- Investigating shared neural mechanisms between ADHD probands and their siblings is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify potential brain activation and performance endophenotypes in inhibitory control and visual processing.
- To compare ADHD probands, unaffected siblings, and neurotypical controls.
- To explore the relationship between brain activation and task performance.
Main Methods:
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using the counting Stroop task.
- Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) tasks: Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP) and Spatial Span (SSP).
- Comparison of 27 ADHD probands, 27 unaffected siblings, and 27 matched neurotypical controls.
Main Results:
- ADHD probands exhibited greater activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and anterior cingulate cortex compared to controls.
- Increased right IFG activation correlated with slower RVP performance in ADHD probands.
- ADHD probands and unaffected siblings showed reduced activation in the left superior parietal lobule (SPL) compared to controls.
- Increased left SPL activation correlated with better SSP performance in neurotypical controls.
Conclusions:
- Reduced activation in the left SPL may serve as a candidate imaging endophenotype for visual processing deficits in ADHD.
- Shared neural underpinnings for visual processing may exist between ADHD probands and their unaffected siblings.
- These findings contribute to understanding the neurobiology of ADHD and familial risk.
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