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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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According to the molecular orbital (MO) model, benzene has a planar structure with a regular hexagon of six sp2 hybridized carbons. As shown in Figure 1, each carbon is bonded to three other atoms with C–C–C and H–C–C bond angles of 120°. The C–H bond length is 109 pm, and the C–C bond length is 139 pm which is midway between the single bond length of sp3 hybridized carbons (154 pm) and sp2 hybridized carbons (133 pm).
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Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride
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Superconductivity in solid benzene molecular crystal.

Guo-Hua Zhong1, Chun-Lei Yang1, Xiao-Jia Chen2

  • 1Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|May 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Solid benzene exhibits superconductivity up to 20 K at high pressures. This discovery in a simple hydrocarbon offers insights into organic and hydrogen-rich superconductors.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Chemistry

Background:

  • Light-element compounds are theoretically promising for high critical temperature superconductivity.
  • Benzene, a hydrogen-rich organic compound, is explored as a potential superconductor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the electronic structures, dynamics, and electron-phonon interactions of solid benzene under high pressure.
  • Determine the potential for superconductivity in benzene and its transition temperature.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized first-principles calculations to simulate benzene's properties.
  • Analyzed electronic structures, phonon dynamics, and electron-phonon coupling.

Main Results:

  • Benzene demonstrates dynamic stability between 180-200 GPa.
  • Superconductivity was predicted with a maximum transition temperature of 20 K at 195 GPa.
  • Phonon modes of carbon atoms are the primary drivers of electron-phonon interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The simplest pristine hydrocarbon, benzene, exhibits superconductivity, aligning with trends in aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • This finding bridges the understanding between organic and hydrogen-rich superconductors.