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Measurement of Greenhouse Gas Flux from Agricultural Soils Using Static Chambers
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An early Cambrian greenhouse climate.

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Early Cambrian sea surface temperatures were warm (20-25°C) at high southern latitudes, revealed by new fossil phosphate analysis. This supports a greenhouse climate during the Cambrian explosion.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleoclimatology
  • Paleontology
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • The early Cambrian period (~541-509 million years ago) witnessed significant animal diversification.
  • Understanding early Cambrian sea temperatures is crucial for marine environmental studies but is limited by gaps in the stable oxygen isotope (δ18O) record.
  • Existing records are incomplete before the evolution of euconodonts.

Observation:

  • Previously overlooked fossil biogenic phosphate sources can fill gaps in paleoclimate records.
  • Pristine phosphatic microfossils from the Comley Limestones (UK) provide a robust δ18O signature.
  • Analysis focused on the interval between ~514 and 509 million years ago.

Findings:

  • Sea surface temperatures were estimated at 20° to 25°C at high southern paleolatitudes (~65°S to 70°S).
  • These temperatures align with coeval evaporite and calcrete deposits, peak continental weathering, and climate model simulations.
  • The findings suggest an early Cambrian greenhouse climate.

Implications:

  • This research provides a more complete picture of early Cambrian ocean conditions.
  • The findings support an early Cambrian greenhouse climate comparable to the Mesozoic and Cenozoic.
  • This offers a framework for investigating the relationship between environmental factors and Cambrian animal diversification.