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Building Finite Element Models to Investigate Zebrafish Jaw Biomechanics
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FGF and TGFβ signaling link form and function during jaw development and evolution.

Katherine C Woronowicz1, Stephanie E Gline1, Safa T Herfat1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S-1161, San Francisco, CA 94143-0514, USA.

Developmental Biology
|May 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Duck jaws develop unique cartilage due to species-specific forces and FGF/TGFβ signaling, revealing links between musculoskeletal form, function, development, and evolution.

Keywords:
Avian jaw development and evolutionChimerasCoronoid processFinite element analysisForm and functionMechanical environmentNeural crestSecondary cartilage

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Biomechanics
  • Molecular Signaling

Background:

  • Understanding how form arises during development and evolution is key to linking embryonic structures with adult function.
  • Jaw morphology varies significantly across species, influencing feeding behaviors and requiring distinct developmental pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying the species-specific formation of secondary cartilage in duck jaws.
  • To explore the roles of neural crest mesenchyme (NCM), mechanical forces, and signaling pathways (FGF, TGFβ) in jaw development and functional adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Embryonic tissue transplantation between duck and chick embryos.
  • Quantification of jaw motility and finite element modeling of jaw biomechanics.
  • Investigation of FGF and TGFβ signaling pathways in response to mechanical load.

Main Results:

  • NCM-derived connective tissues influence muscle insertion and secondary cartilage formation.
  • Jaw architecture correlates with predicted mechanical forces, differing between duck and quail.
  • FGF and TGFβ signaling are mechano-responsive, required for secondary cartilage, and can induce it independently of mechanical force.

Conclusions:

  • Musculoskeletal form and function are coupled through molecular, cellular, and biomechanical mechanisms during development and evolution.
  • Differential regulation of FGF and TGFβ signaling, influenced by mechanical forces and NCM, drives species-specific jaw development.