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Understanding Dissolved Organic Matter Biogeochemistry Through In Situ Nutrient Manipulations in Stream Ecosystems
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A method to quantify and value floodplain sediment and nutrient retention ecosystem services.

Kristina G Hopkins1, Gregory B Noe2, Fabiano Franco3

  • 1U.S. Geological Survey, South Atlantic Water Science Center, 3916 Sunset Ridge Road, Raleigh, NC, USA.

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|May 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Floodplains trap vital nutrients but export sediment due to stream bank erosion. Despite this, the Difficult Run watershed retains significant nitrogen and phosphorus, valued at over $727,000 annually.

Keywords:
Difficult runEcosystem servicesFloodplainNutrient retentionReplacement costSediment balanceStream bankVirginia

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecosystem Services
  • Hydrology

Background:

  • Floodplains offer crucial ecosystem services, including water, sediment, and nutrient retention.
  • Their dynamic nature involves both deposition and erosion, necessitating a net flux assessment for accurate service valuation.
  • Suburban watersheds face unique challenges in maintaining these services due to altered hydrology and land use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify and value the sediment and nutrient ecosystem services of floodplains in the Difficult Run watershed.
  • To develop a sediment balance model incorporating upland delivery, stream bank, and floodplain fluxes.
  • To estimate the economic value of nutrient retention services using a replacement cost approach.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an ecosystem services framework and a sediment balance approach for a suburban watershed.
  • Estimated upland sediment delivery using geospatial data and a modified Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation.
  • Developed predictive models for sediment, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) fluxes from stream banks and floodplains, extrapolating to stream segments.

Main Results:

  • The Difficult Run watershed exhibited net export of sediment (-10,439 Mg/yr) due to stream bank erosion, particularly in headwaters.
  • Significant net trapping of nutrients was observed: 57,300 kg-N/yr and 98 kg-P/yr.
  • The annual economic value of floodplain nutrient retention was estimated at $727,226 ± $194,220 USD/yr, based on nitrogen retention and wastewater treatment costs.

Conclusions:

  • Floodplain retention of nutrients can outweigh losses from stream bank erosion, highlighting their importance for water quality.
  • The study demonstrates the scalability and transferability of the methods for assessing floodplain ecosystem services in other watersheds.
  • Findings can inform targeted floodplain conservation and stream restoration efforts to maximize ecosystem service benefits.