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Social Learning Strategies: Bridge-Building between Fields.

Rachel L Kendal1, Neeltje J Boogert2, Luke Rendell3

  • 1Centre for Coevolution of Biology & Culture, Durham University, Anthropology Department, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.

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|May 16, 2018
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Summary

Individuals selectively copy others using social learning strategies (SLSs). Recent findings show flexible, simultaneous strategy use, requiring an updated SLS concept for social learning and cultural evolution research.

Keywords:
asocial informationassociative learning theorybehavioural gambitcumulative culturemetacognitionsocial information

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Evolutionary Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Social learning, the process of acquiring information by observing others, is fundamental to many species.
  • Indiscriminate copying is often maladaptive; theoretical models propose selective social learning strategies (SLSs) guide adaptive copying.
  • The SLS concept has significantly advanced research in social learning and cultural evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update the social learning strategies (SLS) concept based on recent empirical findings.
  • To address the flexible and simultaneous deployment of multiple SLSs.
  • To integrate the study of psychological mechanisms and evolutionary functions of social learning.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental and theoretical literature on social learning strategies.
  • Synthesis of findings on strategy flexibility and simultaneous use.
  • Conceptual integration across cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and evolutionary biology.

Main Results:

  • Individuals exhibit flexible switching between different social learning strategies.
  • Multiple social learning strategies can be employed concurrently.
  • The relationship between individual psychological heuristics and population-level patterns is not strictly one-to-one.

Conclusions:

  • The social learning strategies (SLS) framework requires revision to incorporate findings on flexible and simultaneous strategy use.
  • Future research should investigate the interplay between the mechanisms and functions of social learning.
  • SLSs offer a valuable framework for interdisciplinary research bridging cognitive, neural, and evolutionary sciences.