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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

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The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct...
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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
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Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

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Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
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Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla01:27

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The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
Collateral Ganglia
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Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
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Adrenal Histoplasmosis.

Vanessa Sanders1, Joseph Donald, Barry A Siegel

  • 1From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO.

Clinical Nuclear Medicine
|May 16, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reports a case of an elderly woman with seizure and hyponatremia. Imaging revealed adrenal gland enlargement and pulmonary nodules, with intense F-FDG uptake in the adrenals, suggesting potential malignancy or infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Nuclear Medicine

Background:

  • Adrenal gland enlargement can present with diverse clinical manifestations, including seizures and electrolyte imbalances like hyponatremia.
  • Metastatic disease and primary adrenal pathologies require accurate diagnostic evaluation.

Observation:

  • An 89-year-old female presented with seizure and hyponatremia.
  • Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral adrenal gland mass-like enlargement and multiple pulmonary nodules.
  • Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) showed intense Fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) uptake in the enlarged adrenal glands.

Findings:

  • The intense F-FDG uptake in the adrenal glands, contrasted with mild uptake in pulmonary nodules, broadened the differential diagnosis.
  • Key considerations included adrenal lymphoma, granulomatous infections, and metastatic lung cancer.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of integrated imaging modalities like PET/CT in evaluating adrenal masses.
  • Distinguishing between infectious, neoplastic, and metastatic causes of adrenal enlargement is crucial for appropriate patient management.
  • Further investigation is warranted to determine the definitive etiology of the adrenal and pulmonary findings.