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Caring for parents: an evolutionary rationale.

J Garay1,2, S Számadó3,2, Z Varga4

  • 1MTA-ELTE Theoretical Biology and Evolutionary Ecology Research Group and Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, L. Eötvös University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary.

BMC Biology
|May 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Supporting parents, even at a cost to reproduction, can evolve through Darwinian competition. This "Fifth Rule" may explain innate moral tendencies to honor parents.

Keywords:
5th commandmentGrandchildGrandmotherIntra-familiar resource transferKin demographyMenopause

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Anthropology
  • Behavioral economics

Background:

  • Human moral behavior's evolutionary origins are crucial for understanding human nature.
  • Traditional research on morality begins with social dilemmas and concludes with norms.
  • This study explores the evolutionary spread of cultural norms supporting parental care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary spread of the cultural norm of helping parents via Darwinian competition.
  • To examine the biological and cultural factors influencing the norm of intergenerational resource transfer.

Main Methods:

  • A novel demographic model was employed to simulate the spread of a specific biological rule.
  • The model analyzed the impact of resource allocation to post-fertile parents on reproductive success and offspring survival.

Main Results:

  • The biological rule 'support post-fertile parents' can spread through Darwinian competition.
  • This spread occurs even when supporting parents decreases parents' demographic parameters, provided it significantly increases grandchildren's survival.
  • The teaching of cultural content is vital for making grandparental support beneficial.

Conclusions:

  • The study identifies the 'Fifth Rule'—supporting parents—as a potentially evolved behavior.
  • Selection for this behavior may have fostered an innate moral tendency to honor parents.
  • This innate tendency can persist even when current conditions do not strongly favor it.