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Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

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Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...

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Author Spotlight: Exercise Test for Evaluation of the Functional Efficacy of the Pig Cardiovascular System

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Cardiovascular Adaptive Homeostasis in Exercise.

Kelvin J A Davies^1,2,3

¹Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Frontiers in Physiology

|May 17, 2018

Summary

Adaptive homeostasis explains how the cardiovascular system adapts to exercise training. This process involves reactive species signaling, promoting endurance, but declines with age due to impaired pathways.

Keywords:

Nrf2 adaptive homeostasis cardiovascular system exercise free radicals mitochondria redox regulation signal transduction

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Area of Science:

Physiology
Exercise Science
Cardiovascular Adaptations

Background:

Adaptive homeostasis involves transient changes in physiological ranges in response to stimuli.
Cardiovascular adaptation to exercise training is a significant example of adaptive homeostasis.
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generated during exercise play a crucial role.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose adaptive homeostasis as the foundational mechanism for cardiovascular adaptation to exercise training.
To explore the role of reactive species and specific signaling pathways (NFκB, Nrf2) in this adaptation.
To hypothesize about the age-related decline in exercise adaptation.

Main Methods:

This is a hypothesis/theory paper, not a comprehensive literature review.
Focuses on theoretical development based on existing research, particularly from the author's laboratory.
Integrates concepts of reactive species signaling, mitochondrial biogenesis, and age-related changes.

Main Results:

Endurance exercise training generates reactive species that, at sub-maximal levels, do not cause damage but induce mitochondrial biogenesis.
Signaling pathways, including NFκB and Nrf2, are activated by these reactive species, contributing to enhanced exercise endurance.
The adaptive capacity diminishes with age, potentially due to impaired NFκB and Nrf2 signaling.

Conclusions:

Adaptive homeostasis provides a unifying framework for understanding cardiovascular adaptations to exercise training.
The transient nature of adaptation is consistent with the principles of adaptive homeostasis.
Age-related decline in adaptive homeostasis may underlie reduced exercise capacity in older individuals.