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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

197.0K
Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
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Overview of Gene Expression Analysis: Transcriptomics.

Nalini Raghavachari1, Natàlia Garcia-Reyero2

  • 1Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA. nraghava88@gmail.com.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|May 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transcriptome studies reveal genome function and cellular components. Advanced technologies enable comprehensive analysis of various RNA types for biomarker discovery and disease insights.

Keywords:
EpigeneticsNoncoding RNAQPCRRNA-seqTranscriptomicsmRNAmiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Transcriptome analysis is crucial for understanding genome function, cellular processes, and disease mechanisms.
  • Emerging technologies facilitate robust characterization of diverse RNA molecules, including mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, and small RNA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of comprehensive transcriptomic characterization.
  • To underscore the growing applications of transcriptomic strategies in various research fields.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing advanced technologies for comprehensive transcriptional profiling.
  • Analyzing messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and small RNA.

Main Results:

  • Transcriptomic strategies are increasingly adopted across biological, plant science, medical, clinical, and pharmaceutical research.
  • These strategies are effective in biomarker discovery, disease diagnosis, and prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis provides deep insights into biological pathways and disease states.
  • The versatility of transcriptomic approaches supports advancements in diagnostics and therapeutics.