Relationship between Triglyceride and HDL-C ratio with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Biochemistry
• Public Health

Background:

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading global cause of death, with coronary artery disease (CAD) being the most prevalent form.
• Dyslipidemia, characterized by abnormal lipid levels, significantly contributes to the increased risk of developing CAD.
• The triglyceride to HDL cholesterol ratio is an emerging marker for cardiovascular risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the relationship between the triglyceride (TG) and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio and the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
• To determine if the TG/HDL-C ratio can serve as a predictor for ACS in a clinical setting.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study involving 100 participants (50 ACS cases and 50 healthy controls) was conducted.
• Data collected included demographic information, risk factors (smoking, hypertension), and lipid profiles (TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, total cholesterol).
• Statistical analysis utilized SPSS, employing Chi-square, t-tests, and ANOVA, with multivariable regression analysis to assess the association between TG/HDL-C ratio and ACS.

Main Results:

• The mean TG/HDL-C ratio in ACS cases was 4.2±1.7, compared to 4.1±1.3 in controls, with a ratio >4 considered atherogenic.
• Unadjusted odds ratio indicated a higher risk associated with elevated TG/HDL-C levels.
• Multivariable regression analysis confirmed a strong, independent association between a high TG/HDL-C ratio and ACS.

Conclusions:

• A high triglyceride to HDL cholesterol ratio is significantly associated with acute coronary syndrome.
• This ratio can be a valuable tool for risk stratification and guiding management strategies in patients at risk for or experiencing ACS.
• Further research may explore the TG/HDL-C ratio's role in predicting cardiovascular events and optimizing dyslipidemia treatment.