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Nanomaterial-microbe cross-talk: physicochemical principles and (patho)biological consequences.

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Nanoparticles (NPs) interact with microbes, influencing health and the environment. Understanding these NP-microbe complexes is key for developing antimicrobial strategies and assessing biomedical risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Biomedicine

Background:

  • Nanoparticle (NP) applications are rapidly expanding, leading to increased human and environmental exposure.
  • Microorganisms coexist with NPs at key human entry sites and in environmental habitats.
  • The complex interactions between NPs and microbes, and their consequences, are not yet fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review current knowledge on NP-microbe interactions and analytical methods.
  • To explore how NP characteristics influence complex formation with microorganisms.
  • To discuss the role of the biomolecular corona in NP-microbe crosstalk and its implications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on NP-microbe interactions.
  • Analysis of physicochemical forces governing NP-microbe complex formation.
  • Inclusion of insights from advanced analytical techniques, including intravital imaging.

Main Results:

  • NP characteristics significantly influence the formation of complexes with microorganisms.
  • Physicochemical forces play a crucial role in mediating NP-microbe interactions.
  • The biomolecular corona on NPs modulates their interaction with microbial pathogens.

Conclusions:

  • Knowledge of NP-microbe interactions can guide the engineering of NPs with enhanced antimicrobial properties.
  • Understanding NP-microbe complex formation is vital for assessing biomedical and toxicological relevance.
  • This research highlights the broader impact of nanomaterial-microbiome interactions in the Anthropocene.