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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
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A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
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Pulmonary embolism.

Menno V Huisman1, Stefano Barco2, Suzanne C Cannegieter1,3

  • 1Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|May 18, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening condition where lung arteries are blocked by blood clots. Recent advancements improve diagnosis and treatment, but further research is needed for long-term complications and personalized therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Pulmonary embolism (PE) arises from venous thrombi obstructing pulmonary arteries, posing a significant mortality risk.
  • Acute PE can precipitate right ventricular dysfunction, leading to hemodynamic instability and shock.
  • Survivors may face post-PE syndrome, characterized by chronic sequelae and reduced quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism.
  • To highlight the efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants in PE treatment.
  • To identify future research directions for novel therapies and understanding long-term outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent clinical trials and diagnostic algorithms for pulmonary embolism.
  • Analysis of data supporting direct oral anticoagulants in acute and extended venous thromboembolism treatment.
  • Synthesis of current understanding regarding post-PE syndrome and future research needs.

Main Results:

  • Simplified diagnostic algorithms have improved suspected PE identification.
  • Phase III trials confirm the value of direct oral anticoagulants in PE management.
  • Understanding and management of post-PE syndrome remain areas for development.

Conclusions:

  • Recent improvements in PE diagnosis and treatment, particularly with direct oral anticoagulants, have advanced patient care.
  • Further research is crucial for developing novel treatments like fibrinolysis enhancers.
  • Predicting long-term complications and optimizing individual anticoagulant therapy are key future goals for managing PE and post-PE syndrome.