[A progress of macrolides therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis]

Area of Science:

• Pharmacology
• Immunology
• Otolaryngology

Background:

• Macrolides are antibiotics with a macrocyclic lactone ring, known for antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory effects.
• Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent inflammatory condition affecting the nasal cavity and sinuses, significantly impacting patient quality of life.
• Existing research suggests potential benefits of long-term, low-dose macrolide therapy for specific patient groups with CRS.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the potential efficacy of long-term, low-dose macrolides in managing chronic rhinosinusitis.
• To investigate the possible mechanisms underlying macrolide's therapeutic effects in CRS, focusing on anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions.
• To highlight the need for further research into the safety and precise mechanisms of macrolide treatment for CRS.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent studies investigating macrolide use in chronic rhinosinusitis.
• Analysis of potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms of macrolides.
• Exploration of the relationship between CRS phenotypes and macrolide treatment response.

Main Results:

• Long-term, low-dose macrolide administration appears effective in a subset of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.
• The therapeutic effects are hypothesized to be linked to the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of macrolides.
• The specific mechanisms and optimal use in relation to CRS phenotypes require further elucidation.

Conclusions:

• Long-term, low-dose macrolides represent a promising therapeutic option for certain individuals suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis.
• The precise mechanisms of action, including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, warrant deeper investigation.
• Further studies are essential to confirm the safety profile and clarify the underlying mechanisms for macrolide therapy in CRS.