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Electrolytes and Biochemical Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Drowning: Experimental Rabbit Model.

Melad G Paulis1, Eman I Hasan

  • 1From the Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.

The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology
|May 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Cerebrospinal fluid analysis aids drowning diagnosis. Specific electrolyte and biochemical changes in cerebrospinal fluid can differentiate freshwater from saltwater drowning cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Biochemistry
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Diagnosing drowning is challenging in forensic science.
  • Existing biochemical markers in body fluids lack accuracy for drowning diagnosis and differentiating freshwater from saltwater incidents.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has not been fully explored for its diagnostic potential in drowning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in rabbits following drowning.
  • To determine if CSF analysis can aid in diagnosing drowning.
  • To differentiate between freshwater and saltwater drowning using CSF markers.

Main Methods:

  • Six groups of rabbits were used: controls (immersed dead), consciously drowned (freshwater/saltwater), and anesthetized drowned (freshwater/saltwater).
  • Cerebrospinal fluid was analyzed for electrolytes (including potassium), urea, creatinine, uric acid, glucose, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF).

Main Results:

  • Consciously drowning in saltwater significantly increased CSF electrolytes (except potassium) compared to controls.
  • Freshwater drowning led to significant decreases in examined CSF electrolytes.
  • CSF urea, creatinine, uric acid, glucose, and TNF levels differed between freshwater and saltwater drowning and control groups.
  • Unconscious drowning (anesthetized) showed no significant CSF changes compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis shows promise for diagnosing drowning.
  • Distinct electrolyte and biochemical profiles in CSF allow for differentiation between freshwater and saltwater drowning incidents.