Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Conserved Binding Sites

Conserved Binding Sites

Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function.
Binding sites are often located in large pockets, and if their location on a protein’s surface is unknown, it can be predicted using various approaches. The energetic method computationally...

Conserved Binding Sites

Conserved Binding Sites

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...

Types of Hormones

Types of Hormones

Hormones can be classified into three main types based on their chemical structures: steroids, peptides, and amines. Their actions are mediated by the specific receptors they bind to on target cells.

Hormonal Regulation

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Sensitive skin in patients with inflammatory chronic cutaneous disorders: results from an observational study on psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and hand eczema.

Italian journal of dermatology and venereology·2026

Same author

Real-Life Workup of Chronic Hand Eczema Using a Dedicated Case Report Form: A SIDAPA Multicentre Study.

Contact dermatitis·2026

Same author

From north to south: exploring Italian sun-exposure habits through the "Save your skin" campaign.

European journal of dermatology : EJD·2025

Same author

Poroma Vessels can be Better Identified by High Magnification Dermoscopy Compared to Conventional Dermoscopy.

Dermatology practical & conceptual·2025

Same author

Psoriasis and seronegative spondyloarthropathy in patients with atopic dermatitis treated with dupilumab or tralokinumab: a multicentre observational study.

Clinical and experimental dermatology·2025

Same author

Hormone responses to buserelin in polycystic ovary syndrome and in eumenorrheic women with hyperandrogenism/hyperandrogenemia, and the relationship of these responses with insulin resistance.

Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

Deiodinases share an evolutionarily conserved thyroid hormone-binding motif.

Salvatore Benvenga¹, Fabrizio Guarneri²

¹Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - Endocrinology, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria - Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy.

Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)

|May 18, 2018

Summary

A shared thyroid hormone (TH) binding motif exists across plasma carriers, cell transporters, nuclear receptors, and deiodinases. This conserved domain, likely from an ancestral gene, explains diverse protein interactions with TH.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

Published on: June 30, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

Published on: June 30, 2013

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Endocrinology

Background:

Thyroid hormone (TH) interacts with various proteins including plasma carriers (THPC), cell surface transporters (CSTT), and nuclear receptors (TR).
A conserved 49-position motif for TH binding has been identified in these proteins.
Selenodeiodinases (dio-1, dio-2, dio-3) are crucial enzymes in TH metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the conservation of the TH-binding motif in human and animal selenodeiodinases.
To analyze the shared TH-binding domain across THPC, CSTT, TR, and deiodinases.
To understand the evolutionary basis for diverse protein interactions with TH.

Main Methods:

Comparative sequence analysis of 10,229 protein sequences including THPC, CSTT, TR, and deiodinases.
Identification and characterization of conserved residues within the 49-position TH-binding motif.
Alignment of conserved residues in deiodinase active centers with the TH-binding motif.

Main Results:

15 out of 49 positions in the TH-binding motif are very highly conserved, and 18 are highly conserved across all analyzed proteins.
A highly conserved 5-residue core motif (W/F/Y, L/I/V/M, I/V/M/L, P, L/V/I/M) was identified.
Multiple conserved residues in deiodinases, including those in active centers, align with the shared TH-binding motif and THPC consensus sequences.

Conclusions:

A common, evolutionarily conserved TH-binding domain exists in THPC, CSTT, TR, and deiodinases.
This shared domain, likely originating from an ancestral gene, underlies the interaction of diverse proteins with thyroid hormone.
The findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of TH transport, signaling, and metabolism.